FA

Nitrogen

N2 CAS Number 7727-37-9 UN1066 (gas)

Gas volume

Calculating the volume or mass of a given amount of gas

At the boiling point (1atm | 77.36k) Equal to: -195.79 C° || -320.42 F°

Gas phase

(at STP conditions)
More information

The phase diagram of a molecule shows the transition between solid, liquid, and gas phases as a function of temperature and pressure.

Solid phase    Liquid phase    Vapor phase    Critical point    Triple point
Molar mass: 17.030 g/mol
Percentage of presence in dry air/
Critical point Temperature: 132.50 °C Pressure:
112.8 bar
Density:
235.00 kg/m³
Triple point Temperature: -77.66 °C
Pressure:
6.1111E-2 bar

Pressure equal to 1.013 bar

9.998E-1 Z compressibility coefficient
1.4013 Cp/Cv γ ratio
kg/m³ 1.145 Gas density
vol/vol 704.03 Gas equivalent/(liquid at boiling point)
kJ/(kg·K) 1.0414 Heat capacity Cp
kJ/(kg·K) 7.4316E-1 Heat capacity Cv
mol/mol 1.183E-5 Solubility in water
0.97 Special price
m³/kg 8.734E-1 Special volume
mW/(m·K) 25.835 Thermal conductivity
Po 1.7805E-4 Viscosity
9.9971E-1 Z compressibility coefficient
1.4015 Cp/Cv γ ratio
1.1848 kg/m³ Gas density
680.38 vol/vol Gas/liquid equivalent (at boiling point)
1.0414 kJ/(kg·K) Heat capacity Cp
7.4301E-1 kJ/(kg·K) Heat capacity Cv
1.386E-5 mol/mol Solubility in water
0.97 Special price
8.44E-1 m³/kg Special volume
25.108 mW/(m·K) Thermal conductivity
1.7339E-4 Po Viscosity
9.9954E-1 Z compressibility coefficient
1.4019 Cp/Cv ratio
4.611 kg/m³ Gas density (at boiling point)
1.2501 kg/m³ Gas density
644.84 vol/vol Gas/liquid equivalent (at boiling point)
1.0414 kJ/(kg·K) Heat capacity Cp
7.4291E-1 kJ/(kg·K) Heat capacity Cv
0.97 Special price
0.8 m³/kg Special volume
24.001 mW/(m·K) Thermal conductivity
1.6629E-4 Po Viscosity

GHS04

Gas under pressure

Safety Principles for Using Nitrogen Gas (as a Gas)

1. Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

  • Eye Protection: The use of standard safety goggles is essential to protect eyes from suspended particles or gas leakage.
  • Respiratory Protection: In environments where oxygen levels may drop, appropriate breathing apparatus or oxygen deficiency warning systems should be used.
  • Work Clothing: Wearing suitable work clothing and safety shoes is recommended.

2. Work in Properly Ventilated Areas:

  • Ventilation Importance: Ensure the workplace has adequate ventilation to prevent the accumulation of nitrogen gas and reduce oxygen levels.
  • Warning Systems: Installation of oxygen deficiency sensors in nitrogen use areas is critical. These sensors should be regularly calibrated and tested.

3. Management of Tanks and Piping:

  • Periodic Inspection: Tanks and systems must be regularly inspected for leaks and corrosion.
  • Safety Valves: Safety valves are essential to prevent overpressure.
  • Storage: Tanks should be stored in a secure location, away from heat sources and flammable materials.

4. Training and Employee Awareness:

  • Hazard Awareness: Employees must be aware of hazards, safe practices, and how to properly use equipment.
  • Emergency Procedures: Familiarity with emergency evacuation, first aid, and rescue equipment is necessary.

5. Limitations in Confined Spaces:

  • Avoidance: Avoid using nitrogen in confined spaces without proper ventilation whenever possible.
  • Special Precautions: Prior to entry, oxygen concentration should be measured by trained personnel, and entry is permitted only if the concentration is above 19.5%.

6. Nitrogen Compatibility with Other Materials:

  • Inert Property: Nitrogen does not react with most chemicals and is an ideal option for use as a shielding gas.
  • Reactivity with Hot or Active Materials: At high temperatures or with reactive metals, nitrogen may react and form nitrides. In the case of leakage near flammable materials, it can indirectly enhance fire risks by displacing oxygen.
Food Industry and Packaging: Freshness Preservation and Shelf Life Extension
One of the most important applications of nitrogen is its use as a gas in the food industry and packaging. By replacing oxygen in food packaging, nitrogen prevents oxidation, spoilage, and microorganism growth, thus increasing shelf life and maintaining product quality.
• Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP): In this method, nitrogen gas is combined with other gases such as carbon dioxide and used in packaging products like chips, nuts, dried fruits, meat, poultry, and ready meals. This gas mixture creates an optimal environment for maintaining freshness and preventing spoilage.
• Beverage Preservation: Nitrogen is used in packaging beverages, especially juices and carbonated drinks, to prevent flavor changes and quality loss due to oxidation.
Food Industry
Chemical Industry and Fertilizer Production: Foundation of Vital Products
Nitrogen plays a crucial role in the chemical industry and agricultural fertilizer production.
• Ammonia Production (NH₃): Ammonia is one of the most important chemicals produced through the Haber-Bosch process using nitrogen and hydrogen. Ammonia is a primary material for producing nitrogenous fertilizers, nitric acid, urea, nylon, resins, paints, and explosives.
• Fertilizer Production: Nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and urea are essential for providing the nitrogen required for plant growth, increasing agricultural productivity.
• Explosive Production: Nitrogen is involved in the production of explosives like ammonium nitrate (as an oxidizer) and trinitrotoluene (TNT).
Chemical Industry
Electronics and Semiconductors: Ensuring Quality and Performance
In the electronics industry, nitrogen is used as an inert gas in the manufacturing of electronic components.
• Prevention of Oxidation: Nitrogen is used in the production of transistors, diodes, integrated circuits (ICs), and other electronic components to prevent oxidation and surface contamination.
• Soldering and Assembly: During soldering and assembly processes, nitrogen helps prevent oxidation and contamination, ensuring the quality and performance of components.
• Cleaning and Drying: Nitrogen gas is used for cleaning and drying electronic parts after production processes.
Electronics
Metal Industry and Welding: Enhancing Strength and Corrosion Resistance
In the metal industry, nitrogen is used to improve metal properties and prevent oxidation in various processes.
• Welding and Cutting: Nitrogen is used as a shielding gas in metal welding and cutting to prevent oxidation and nitration, enhancing the weld quality.
• Stainless Steel Production: Nitrogen is used as an alloying element in stainless steel production, improving strength, corrosion resistance, and weldability.
• Heat Treatment: Nitrogen is used in metal heat treatment processes such as surface hardening and nitriding to improve mechanical properties and wear resistance.
Metal Industry
Automotive and Aerospace Industries: Enhancing Safety and Performance
Nitrogen is used in the automotive and aerospace industries to improve tire safety and performance.
• Welding and Cutting: Similar to the metal industry, nitrogen is used as a shielding gas in welding and cutting, preventing oxidation and improving weld quality.
• Tire Inflation: Using nitrogen instead of air in tires helps reduce pressure fluctuations due to temperature changes, slows down the pressure loss, improves fuel efficiency, and extends tire life. Additionally, nitrogen prevents tire oxidation and corrosion.
Automotive Industry
Scientific and Laboratory Applications: Precision and Reliability in Results
In laboratories, nitrogen is used as a carrier and protective gas in various processes.
• Gas Chromatography (GC): Nitrogen serves as a carrier gas in gas chromatography to transport samples through the chromatography column.
• Chemical Analyses: Nitrogen is used as a protective gas in chemical analyses to prevent unwanted reactions and oxidation.
Laboratory
Energy Production
• Cooling Systems: Nitrogen is used as a cooling gas in some energy production systems.
Energy
Food and packaging industries: maintaining freshness and increasing shelf life

One of the most important uses of nitrogen is as a gas in the food and packaging industries. By replacing oxygen in food packaging, nitrogen prevents oxidation, spoilage, and the growth of microorganisms. This increases the shelf life and maintains the quality of food products. • Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP): In this method, nitrogen gas is combined with other gases, such as carbon dioxide, and is used to package products such as chips, nuts, dried fruits, meat, poultry, and prepared foods. This gas mixture creates an optimal environment to maintain freshness and prevent spoilage. (MAP)

• Beverage Preservation: Nitrogen is used in the packaging of beverages, especially juices and carbonated drinks, to prevent flavor changes and quality loss due to oxidation.

Food industry
Chemical and fertilizer industries: the foundation for the production of vital products

Nitrogen plays a fundamental role in the chemical industry and the production of agricultural fertilizers. • Ammonia production: (NH₃) Ammonia is one of the most important chemicals produced through the Haber-Bosch process using nitrogen and hydrogen gas. Ammonia is used as a raw material in the production of nitrogen fertilizers, nitric acid, urea, nylon, resins, dyes, and explosives.

• Production of chemical fertilizers: Nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and urea play a vital role in providing nitrogen to plants. These fertilizers increase the growth and yield of agricultural crops.

• Production of explosives: Nitrogen plays a role in the production of explosives such as ammonium nitrate (as an oxidizer) and trinitrotoluene (TNT).

'Nitrogen gas'
Electronics and semiconductor industries: ensuring component quality and performance

In the electronics industry, nitrogen is used as a protective and inert gas in the production processes of electronic components. • Prevent oxidation: Nitrogen is used as a protective gas in the production of transistors, diodes, integrated circuits (ICs), and other electronic components to prevent oxidation and contamination of the surface of the components.

• Soldering and assembly: In the soldering and assembly processes of electronic components, nitrogen prevents the formation of oxides and contamination and ensures the quality and performance of the components.

•Cleaning and drying: Nitrogen in gaseous form is used to clean and dry electronic components after manufacturing processes.

'Nitrogen gas'
Metal and welding industries: increased strength and corrosion resistance

In the metal industry, nitrogen is used to improve the properties and quality of metals and prevent oxidation in various processes. • Welding and cutting: Nitrogen, as a shielding gas in metal welding and cutting processes, prevents oxidation and nitrate formation and increases weld quality.

• Stainless steel production: Nitrogen is used as an alloying element in the production of stainless steel. Adding nitrogen to steel increases its strength, corrosion resistance, and weldability.

• Heat treatment: Nitrogen is used in heat treatment of metals, such as surface hardening and nitriding, to improve mechanical properties and wear resistance.

'Nitrogen gas'
Automotive and aerospace industries: improving safety and performance

Nitrogen is used in the automotive and aviation industries to improve the safety and performance of tires. • Welding and cutting: Nitrogen, as a shielding gas in metal welding and cutting processes, prevents oxidation and nitrate formation and increases weld quality.

• Tire inflation: Using nitrogen instead of air in tires reduces pressure fluctuations caused by temperature changes, slows down the rate of pressure loss, improves fuel efficiency, and extends tire life. Nitrogen also prevents tire oxidation and corrosion.

'Nitrogen gas'
Scientific and laboratory applications: accuracy and reliability in results

In laboratories, nitrogen is used as a carrier and protective gas in various processes. • Gas Chromatography (GC): Nitrogen is used as a carrier gas in gas chromatography to transport samples through the chromatography column.

• Chemical analyses: Nitrogen is used as a shielding gas in chemical analyses to prevent unwanted reactions and oxidation.

'Nitrogen gas'
Energy production

• Cooling systems: Nitrogen is used as a cooling gas in some power generation systems.

'Nitrogen gas'